...not initially think of themselves as “white.” Instead, they used terms like “Christian” or “English” to describe themselves. In the Barbados Slave Code of 1661, the first comprehensive English slave...
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Why Shariah?
by Saïd Amir Arjomand...its penal code (hudud) with severe punishments for adultery, theft and blasphemy which gravely disadvantage the women, the poor and the religiously deviant, and has no constitutional component. The sociological...
Schools, megachurches, and the corporate form
...of the tenure and promotion process. There’s a contradiction built into it, because the very system that is designed to guarantee academic freedom works by making people docile. Creepy. HML:...
From the Founders to Trump: The legalities of “Muslims”

...for Islamist extremist groups such as al-Shabab in Somalia, al-Qa’ida in the Arabian Peninsula, and ISIS in Iraq to operate freely. These non-state actors promote a vision of religious politics...
Three dots and a dash
by Russell T. McCutcheon...against itself cannot stand. Three words. Three dots. Three examples. A dash. A tension. A contradiction. Three dots and a dash is, of course, Morse code for the letter V,...
What’s the writing on the wall?
by David Buckley...state. What’s a judge, or a social scientist trying to code as a 1 or a 0, to do? By way of a preliminary answer in this short format, let...
Who needs conversion? Jewish conversion in a time of shattered boundaries
...and legitimated by the religious authorities and other gatekeepers who represent the Jewish belief, code of conduct, and collective. Conversion is a reminder for the aspiring convert that a barrier...
Islam in shadows

...of India (ASI), which militate against the liveliness of the space by insisting the site is “dead,” code for fallen into disuse and to be preserved as such, as a...
Belief, spirituality and time
by William E. Connolly...which old moral principles, codes, rules, and habits are not adequately prepared. All, then, are post-secularists who are not exclusive humanists. **** By radical transcendence I mean a God who...
In praise of heresy
by Roxanne L. Euben...nuclear patriarchal family” didn’t occur in Egypt until 1920, when the Muslim Personal Status Code was enacted. Mahmood argues that this transition reconstitutes the patriarchal family but in new form,...